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Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs during pregnancy and is characterized by extreme nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration.

It is much more intense than typical "morning sickness" and can lead to serious complications if not properly managed. HG affects about 0.5% to 2% of pregnancies.

The exact cause of Hyperemesis Gravidarum is not fully understood but is thought to be linked to the rapidly rising levels of certain hormones during early pregnancy, particularly human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen.

Some risk factors include:

• Molar pregnancy (abnormal growth of cells in the uterus).
• History of HG in previous pregnancies.
• Family history of the condition.
• Carrying multiples (e.g. twins or triplets).

• Some of the symptoms of HG are:
• Persistent, severe nausea and vomiting.
• Inability to keep down food or fluids.
• Weight loss exceeding 5% of pre-pregnancy weight.
• Dehydration, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances.
• Low blood pressure or rapid heart rate.
• Lightheadedness or fainting.
• Fatigue and general weakness.

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical symptoms, weight loss, and

dehydration levels.

Blood tests and urine tests might be done to check for ketones (a sign of

malnutrition) and electrolyte imbalances.

Treatment varies based on the severity of symptoms:

• Hydration: Intravenous (IV) fluids are commonly used to correct dehydration.
• Medications: Antiemetics (to prevent nausea), vitamins like B6, or antihistamines may be prescribed. In severe cases, corticosteroids can be used.
• Hospitalization: In severe cases, women might need to be hospitalized for close monitoring and more intensive treatments.
• Nutritional Support: If oral intake isn't possible, nutritional supplementation through a feeding tube (nasogastric or gastrostomy) may be necessary.